1. Excavation to the right depth
We remove sod, roots, organic topsoil and any old concrete or loose fill until we reach firm native soil. The dig depth is set by the use: a walkway or patio carries foot traffic, a driveway carries the weight of vehicles turning their wheels on it, so a driveway is dug and built deeper. In Jacksonville that native soil is usually fine sand. Sand drains well, but it moves when it is loose or saturated, so we never set a base on top of soft or organic material just to save a few inches of digging.
